Road-building apparatus



June 16, 1925. 1,542,356

E. D. BAYLEY ET AL I ROAD BUILDING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 15. 1924 Winn Toall whom it may concern:

Patented June 16 1925 PATENT OFFICE.

EDEN D. BAYLEY AND WILLIAM BAYLEY, OF SPRINGFIELD, OHIO.

ROAD-BUILDING APPARATUS.

. Application filed February 15, 1924. Serial No. 693,022.

Be it known that we, ELDEN D. BAYLEY and WILLIAM BAYLEY, both citizensof the United States, residing at Springfield, in the county of Clarkand State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inRoad-Building Apparatus, of

which the following is a specification. I

This invention relates to plastic block apparatus, and more particularlyto paving apparatus for automatically 5 ading and edging pavement slabsand the ike, in order that upon removal ofthe forms, such slabs maypresent a uniformly smooth and finished appearance. I

While the invention is shown and will be described in its application topaving or road making purposes, it is to be understood that it is notlimited to this use alone, but

may be applied to any concrete form mold-. ing operations such as theconstruction ofretaining walls, buildin foundations and bridgeabutments, wherein it is desired that the completed body shall becompact and present a uniformly smooth, unbroken, finished surface, uponremoval of the forms. In all sorts of concrete construction work,whether it be road paving, building founda tions, walls or other'moldedshapes, it is quite desirable that air pockets such as are likely toform adjacent to the Walls be relieved and the larger aggregatesdisplaced while the material is in a fluid or semi-fluid state. Theusual method of relieving entrapped bodies of air and displace thecoarse material in order that the finer material may fill the spaceclosely adjacent to the form side, to afford a smoothly finished surfaceupon the removal of the form, it is the practice to hand spade thematerial. This is effected by the workman thrusting a spade into thematerial closely adjacent to the form. This is an operation however,which is quite likely to be neglected. In any event hand spading isununiform and irregular. Moreover, it is quite laborious and difiicultand one which is thoroughly disliked and for this reason is frequentlyleft undone.

In the present device there is embodied a combined spader and edgerco-operating to afford a smooth exterior finish to the molded body. Thedevice consists of an oscillatory blade adjustably mounted so that itmay be thrust to, greater or less de th within the mold or form, andclosely a jacent to the wall, thereof, where it is given a constantlyoscillating movement in a fore and aft direction, parallel with the wallof the form or mold, the device being constantly advanced during suchoscillatory movement. At the same time an edging device co-operatingwith such spading blade through the same means is givena to and froreciprocatory movement by which the edge of the molded body is struckoff and any excess material displaced by the oscillatory spading bladeis properly distributed, leaving a uniform edge alined with the form.While the spading and edging device herein shown and described isparticularly adapted for use in conjunction with road buildingapparatus, by which the material is distributed, struck off and tampedacross the width of the road way or pavement, or other molded body, suchas a foundation, wall or structural shape, it is to be understood thatthe device is complete in itself and will perform its function whollyindependent of such concrete distributing and tamping means.

The object of the invention is to simplify the mode of operation ofspading or setting a body of plastic or semi-fluid concrete into closeand uniform relation with the form side, and to provide a simpleautomatic mechanism for performing such operation.

A further object of the invention is to provide in conjunction with suchspading device an automatic edger, which will leave the edges of thefinished molded body uniform and true.

With the above primary and other incidental objects in View as will morefully appear in the specification the invention'consists' of thefeatures of construction, the parts and combinations thereof, and themode of operation as hereinafter described and set forth in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Fi 1 is a perspective View of the spadingan edging apparatus forming the subject matter 9 hereof, shown mountedupon a mold form wall, the carrying frame being broken away. Fig. 2 is atop plan View of the spader and edger showing the main carrying anddriving wheel, the carrying frame being broken 105 away. Fig. 3 is aside elevation of the assembled apparatus, mounted upon a mold form.Fig. 4: is an end elevation, viewed from the left in Fig. 3. Fig. 5' isa vertical sectional view. Fig. 6 is a detail view of the spader bladeshowing the range of oscillatlon. Fig. 7 is a deta1l top plan view ofthe scraper shoe and edger.

Llke parts are indicated by similar characters of reference throughoutthe several views.

The spading and edging apparatus herein described is mounted upon atraveling carriage, of which 11 are the frame bars, and 2 the carr ingand driving wheel. The carrying w eel 2 is flanged and rolls upon thetop edge of the form or side wall 3 of the mold. In the presentinstance, the forms 3 have been shown as a metallic form section, havingan outwardly extending base flange 3' and an outwardly extending topflange 3". The latter flan e forms the track for the flanged carrying weel 2. This type of metallic form which is a standard construction andforms no part of the present invention per se, is provided withprojecting brackets 4, for engagement of location stakes 5. In providingfor the laying of a concrete roadway or pavement, such form sections 3are located at the opposite sides of the area to be paved and theconcrete 6 is deposited between such sections and is distributed andtamped in the usual manner either by hand or by machine operation. Thepresent spading and edging device may be operated as an attachment oradjunct to such road making or pavlng mach ne, or may be operated as aseparate unit, acting upon the material before it has become set.

Mounted upon a trunnion stud 7, carried by the frame bars 1 is anoscillatory head 8, rocked to and fro in the direction of the path oftravel of the device by a link, or pitman 9, connected to a suitablecrank or wrist pin 10. .The operating crank 10 may be driven from anysuitable source. In the present instance it has been shown provided witha chain drive from the carrying wheel 2. This mode of drive has beenshown for purpose of illustration. It will be understood that theoscillation of the spader blade and reci rocation of the edger will becom"- parative y rapid in relation with the lineal advance of theapparatus. For this reason the oscillatory head may be actuated directlyfrom the engine or other convenient moving part of the main structure.

Adjustably mounted in the oscillatory head 8 is a dependent spader blade12. This spader blade may be projected to any desired depth within theform or mold and is held in its adjusted position in relation with thehead 8 by means of a set screw 13 or other suitable locking means. Thedependent spader blade 12 is located closely adjacent to the inner faceof the side form 3, and intermediate such form and the body 6 ofconcrete. As the head 8 is rocked to and fro, the blade is given a toand fro swinging movement in the plastic or semifluid concrete body 6,as the apparatus progresses forwardly. The movement of the blade andincident agitation of the material close to the form wall opens any airpockets, permitting the escape of the entrapped air and allows thematerial to settle evenly and uniformly into close proximity to the formside 3. It has been found also in practice that this agitation andmovement of the blade has a tendency to force the larger aggregatesfarther into the mass and away from the form 5 allowing the finermaterial to settle in the path of the vibrating blade and against theform wall, thereby afi'ording an even uniform and smooth surface whenthe form is removed. When the body of concrete is unspaded or is spadedin the usual more or less haphazard fashion, upon removal of the formsides, the body is found to contain numerous irregularities and smallcavities and the pebbles and stone are plainly in evidence 1n theuncovered side of the completed body. By the present device, the sidesof the completed concrete body are left in a smooth and finishedcondition.

In the ordinary operation of depositing concrete, more or less materialwill overflow the forms or lodge on top of the form sides. In the eventthat the form is filled to overflow, the agitation of the spading blade12 may displace some of this excess material. In any event as ordinarilyperformed, the operation of de ositing and molding concrete bodies inorms leaves a more or less uneven and ragged marginal angle. To overcomethese difiiculties and to co-act with the spader blade to afford auniformly finished marginal surface, there is provided a reciprocatoryshoe 14, which slides to and fro upon the top flange 3 of the form sidein unison with the oscillation of the spader blade. This shoe is in theform of inclined scraper blades 15, and 16, resting upon the to flangeof the form 3, and extending diagonall thereacross. These scraper bladesor p ates 15 and 16 converge inwardly, whereby as they slideto and froupon the form side they tend to move any material which may haveoverflown the form inwardly onto the main mass 6. This shoe 14 rests atall times upon the form side, and so reci rocates in a straight line oftravel co-inci ent with the travel of the apparatus. It is actuated fromthe oscillating head 8 to which it is connected by a telescopic stemportion 17, projecting within a socket or bore 18, in the lower portionof the oscillatory head 8, and into which the stem 17 enters againstthetension of a spring 19. The telescopic stem 17 is bored or recessedto accommodate the spring 19, one end of which bears against the innerend of the bore 18 in the oscillator head, and the other end against theend 0 the bore in the stem 17, tending to force the stem 17 outwardlyand press the reciprocatory shoe 14 tightly against the top edge of theform side 3. This spring operated telesco 1c connection will compensatefor the di erential movement between the Oscillation of the head 8, andthe reciprocation of the shoe 14 in a straight path. The shoe moves toand fro in unison with the oscillation of the head and the vibration ofthe spader blade, while the to and fro reci rocation of the telescopicstem 17 within t e socket or bore 18, and the expansion andcompressiouof the spring 19 compensates for the variation in therelative paths of movement, and malntains the scraper shoe in closeengagement with the form sides 3. 'It will be noted that the shoe 14projects inwardly somewhat beyond the form side 3, and overhangs the.main body 6 of concrete. It is provided upon such overhanging portionwith a base flange 20, which strikes oif and contours the marginal edgeof the concrete body, and coeoperates with the vibrating spader blade 12to form. a uniform and finished angle or marginal edge. In Fig. 4 thisfinishing flange or base 20 u on the shoe has been shown at right ang esto the blade 12, so that the finished body will be afforded a sharp,clean, right-angle margin. Such sharp marginal angle, however, is notdesirable for some purposes, particularly for pavements, and road-bedconstruction.v In Fig. 5 the base angle 20, upon the shoe has been shownprovided with a concave or filleted face 21, which during thereciprocatory movement of the slidin shoe strikes off and shapes themargin '0 the finished body to a'rounded edger It has been found byexperiment and in practical operation that neither a spading blade, noran edging or striking ofi' device having a continuous forward movementwill operate so successfully as one having a vibratory or reciprocatorymovement. While to provide a spader blade insertable within the formside, withmeans for advancing it will perform some of the functions, itis not nearly so efficient as when the spader blade is given the to andfro swin g or vibrating movement. It is found t atthe vibrating movementnot only insures the venting or escape of all entra ped air, but it ismuch more efiicient in dis lacin the heavy and larger a gregates aneifectmg a settlement of the nermaterial into proximity to the formsides to afford the finished surface. The same thing has been found truein regard to the edging or finishing of the marginal corner. While acontinuously advancing edger might remove the surplus material and leavethe margin in approximately the finishedcondition, a much better, firmerand smoother surface is afforded by giving to the scraper shoe and theedger the to and fro reciprocato'ry movement in unison with its advance.By this construction applied to both the spading blade and the edgingflan e, every ortion of the material is workeg repeatedl instead of onlyonce in the case of the continuously advancing apparatus.

While for convenience of illustration, the trunnion shaft 7 has beenshown flat at its ends and fixedly connected to the frame bars 1, suchtrunnion shaft may be carried by the oscillatory head 8, and be providedwith suitable hearings or journal boxes on the carrying frame. Thetelescopic stem 17 of the sliding shoe is pivoted to such shoe and edgerby a pivotal stud or shaft 22. The scraper plates or blades 15 and 16 ofthe shoe being convergentinwardly, the forward blade 15 scrapes anyexcess material overhanging the form side inwardly u n the forwardreciprocation of the shoe, w ile the oppositely inclined rear blade 16serves to remove any remaining material, and move it;1 inwardly upon therearward stroke of the s oe.

From the above description it will be apparent that there is thusprovided a device of the character described possessing the particularfeatures of advantage before enumerated as desirable, but whichobviously is susceptible of modification in its form, proportions,detail construction and arrangement of parts without departing from theprinciple involved or sacrificing any of its advantages;

Whilein order to comply with the statute the invention has beendescribed in language more or less specific as to structural features,it is to'be understood that the invention is not limited to the specificdetails shown, but that the means and construction herein disclosedcomprises the preferred form of several modes of putting the inventioninto effect and the invention, is therefore, claimed in any of its formsor modifications within the'legitimate and valid scope of theappendedclaims.

Having thus described our invention, we claim:

1. A traveling carriage, a spading blade carried thereby for operationintermediate amass of plastic'material and the side of a mold form, ascraper shoe advanced in unison with the advance of the spading bladefor returning to the mass any misplaced material, and an edger alsoadvancing in unison with the spading blade and scraper shoe for firmingand contouring the marginal edge of the mass.

2. A traveling carriage, a spading blade supported upon the carriage tobe projected intermediate a mass of plastic material and the'side of amold form, and 'meansfor transmitting to the blade a to and fro edgewisemovement through the mass of material and inclose proximity to theinside face of the mold form during the advance movement ofthe carriage.

3. A traveling carriage, a spader blade supported upon the carnage to beprojected-int'ermedia'te a mass of plastic material and-the side of theform moldand means for advancing the carriage to propel the bladeedgewise through the mass of material in close approximation to theinside face of the mold form.

'4. A traveling main carriage, a spading blade carried thereby foroperation intermediate a mass'ofplastic material and the side of themold form, and a scraper shoe overhangingthe form side and advanced inunison with the spader blade for returning to the plastic mass anydisplaced material. a

5. A traveling main carriage, a spader blade carried thereby foroperation intermediate a mass of plastic material and the side of a moldform, and an edger operative in the rear of the spader blade for firmingand shaping the marginal angle of the mass as left by the spading blade.7

6. A traveling carriage, an edger for firming and contouring themarginal edges of a body of plastic material carried there by and meansfor transmitting to the edger a to and fro movement in a directionsimultaneously with the advance of the carriage and in a'pathsubstantially parallel with the side of a mold form in which the body ofplastic material is confined.

7. A traveling carriage, an edger for firming and contouring themarginal edge of a body of plastic material, and means for'progressivelyadvancin the carriage in a path of travel parallel with themarginal edgeof the plastic body to be contoured.

8. A traveling carriage, a spader bladev and an edger also carried andmeans to transmit to the spader blade and the edger, to and fro movementduring the progressive advance of the carriage.

9. A traveling carriage, a spader blade carried thereby to be projectedintermediate a bod of plastic material and the side of a mold form inwhich the plastic material is confined, an edger for firming andcontouring the margin of the plastic body, and means for transmitting tothe spader blade an oscillatory movement and to the edger'a'reciprocatory movement in a substantially lineal directionsimultaneously with the advance ofthe carriage. Y

10. A traveling carriage, a spader blade carried thereby to be projectedintermediate a body of plastic material and the side of a mold form inwhich the plastic material is confined, an edger for firming and contouring the margin of the plastic body, and means for transmitting tothe edger a to and fro movement simultaneously with the advance of thespading blade during the travel of the carriage.

11. A traveling carriage, a spader blade carried thereby to be projectedintermediate a body of plastic material and the side of'a mold form inwhich the plastic material is confined, an edger for firming andcontouring the margin of the plastic body, and means for transmitting tothe spader blade a to and fro movement, and to simultaneously advancethe edger during the travel of the carriage. v v

12. A travelingvcarriage, an edger carried thereby for firming andcontouring the marginal edge of a body of plastic material and advancedby the travel of the carria e, and a scraper shoe overhanging a side 0 amold form in which the body of material is confined for removingtherefrom misplaced material, said scraper shoes being operative inunison with the edger.

13. A- traveling carriage, a spader blade carried thereby to be proected intermediate a body of plastic material and a side of a mold formconfining the plastic body, and meansfor oscillating the spader bladeduring the advance of the carriage while in such relation with the formside and plastic bod 14. traveling carriagev movable in a path of travelparallel with the marginal edge of a bodyof lastic material, an edgercarried by the carriage for firming and contouring the marginal edge ofthe plastic the marginal edge of a body of plastic ma- I terial, ascraper shoe dia onally disposed to the path of travel of t e carriageand overhanging a side of a form mold confining the plastic body forremoving from the form side misplaced material, and means fortransmitting to the scraper shoe'a to and fro movement simultaneouslywith the progressive advance of the carriage.

16. A traveling carriage movable in a path of travel substantiallyparallel with the marginal edge of a body of plastic material, a pair ofscraper faces oppositely inclined in transverse relation to the path oftravel and overhanging a side of a mold form confining the plastic bodyfor removing therefrom misplaced material and means for transmitting tosaid scraper faces to and fro movement simultaneously with intermediatethe plastic body and a side of a mold form enclosing the plastic body,and.

a reciprocatory scraper shoe overhanging the mold formside, to removetherefrom misplaced material, and advanced by the travel of the carriagein unison with the advance of the spader blade.

18. A traveling carriage, movable in a path of travel substantiallyparallel with the marginal edge of a body of plastic material, a spaderblade carried thereby to be projected intermediate the body of lasticmaterial and the side of a mold orm confinin the plastic body, an edgeralso carried by the carriage in tandem relation with the spader bladeand means for trans mitting to both the spader bladeand the edger to andfro movement during the progressive advance of the carriage.

19. A traveling carriage, movable in a path of travel substantiallyparallel with the marginal edge of a body of plastic material, a spaderblade carried thereby to be projected intermediate the body of plasticmaterial and the side ofa mold form confining the plastic body, meansfor transmitting to the spader blade a to and fro movement, and ascraper shoe also carried by the carriage and overhanging the side ofthe mold form to remove therefrom any misplaced material.

20. A traveling carriage, movable in a path of travel substantiallyparallel withthe marginal ed e of a body of plastic material, a spaderlade carried thereby to be projected intermediate the b0d of plasticmaterial and the side of a mo] form confining the plastic body, meansfor transmitting to the spader blade a to and fro movement, and ascraper shoe also carried by the carriage and overhanging the side ofthe mold form to remove therefromany misplaced material, and means forreciprocatmg the scraper shoe simultaneously with the to and fromovement of the spader blade. 21. A traveling carriage movable in a pathsubstantially parallel with the margina1 edge of a body of plasticmaterial, an edger carried thereby for firming and'contouring the edgeof the plastic body, and a sore er shoe engaging a side of the form molconfining the plastic body and operative simultaneously with the edgerfor removing from the form side, misplaced material.

' 22. A traveling carriage movable in a path substantially parallel withthe marginal edge of a bod of plastic material, an edger carried there yfor firmin and contouring the edge of the plastic ody, and a scrapershoe engaging a side of the form mold confining the plastic body andopera- I tive simultaneously with the edger for removing from the formside, misplaced material, and means for transmitting to the scrapershoes a to and fro movement simultaneously with the progressive advanceof the carriage.

23. The herein described apparatus for finishing the margin of a plasticbody consisting of a spading blade inserted intermediate the plasticbody and a side of a confining mold form, an edger in tandem relationwith the spader in engagement with the edge of the plastic body andmeans for transmitting to said spader and edger simul taneously to andfro movement while progressively advancing the spader and edger in apath of travel parallel in relation with the margin of the plastic body.

24. A travelin carriage operative over the side of a mo] form forplastic material as a track, material treating means upon the carriage,and a reciprocatory scraper carried by the carriage andengaging the moldform side to remove therefrom misplaced material.

25. A traveling carriage movable in a path of travel in substantiallyarallel relation with the margin of a ho y of plastic material, anoscillatory head carried by the carriage, material treating meanscarried bythe head, a reciprocatory member guided by a side of a moldform confining the plastic body and a telescopic connection between thereci rocatory member and the oscillatory hea whereby the motion of thehead is transmitted to the reciprocatory member while compensating forthe differential of the oscillatory and reciprocatory paths of movementof the respective parts.

26. A traveling carriage, a spading blade supported upon the carriage tobe projected into a mass of plastic material adjacent to the side of themold form, and means for transmitting to the blade a rocking movement toand fro and up and down through the mass of material in close roximityto the inside face of the mold orm, during the advance movement of thecarriage.

27. A traveling carriage, an agitating im-' plement supported upon thecarriage and projected into the mass of plastic material adjacent to theside of a mold form, and means for transmitting to the im lementmovement, while working in and be ow the surface of the mass ofmaterial.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands this 8 day ofFebruary A. D. 1924.

ELDEN D. BAYLEY.

WILLIAM BAYLEY.

Witnesses:

E. C. R-InnHART, ROY V, BURK.

